inflation and deflationary biases in inflation expectations. In a model with an occasionally binding zero-lower-bound constraint …, we show that an inflation bias as well as a deflationary bias exist as a steady-state outcome. We assess the predictions … of this model using unique individual-level inflation expectations data across nine countries that allow for a direct …

This talk emphasizes the connection between inflation targeting and monetary policy rules. Inflation targeting is not … monetary policy rule without a target inflation rate. Hence, there is a symbiotic relationship between inflation targeting and … of inflation. Interest rate rules work best within a band between very high inflation and deflation. Outside that band …