The decade of the 1990s has been marked by financial crises in countries around the world, often with international and global impact. As a result of these crises, considerable focus has been placed on developing a new international financial architecture, building upon the existing...

The forthcoming accession of China to the World Trade Organisation will benefit China, particularly in respect of the financial markets, with Shanghai as an important securities and banking centre. The necessary adaptation of the legal framework and its practical application, however, require a...

Already for twenty years it is acknowledged that e-commerce or (more broadly worded) digital trade cannot be adequately captured by the existing GATT and GATS framework; the new technological developments (particularly the distributed ledger technology and the digital assets) stretch the old...

Europe's path to digitization and datafication in finance has rested upon four apparently unrelated pillars: (1) extensive reporting requirements imposed after the Global Financial Crisis to control systemic risk and change financial sector behavior; (2) strict data protection rules reflecting...

The legal framework of the WTO does not meet the regulatory need of the digital trade business anymore. The “compensation” by regional and bilateral preferential trade agreements in the Asian-Pacific area having gained importance and covering a larger scope during the last decade is a...

The global, euro-zone, and Asian financial crises have highlighted the importance of appropriate regulatory design and coverage for financial stability. In particular, in the wake of the global financial crisis the Group of Twenty (G20) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB) and its...

The global financial crisis of 2008-9 placed the ‘too-big-to-fail' issue at the forefront of public and regulatory debate. This paper presents a comparative study of regulatory measures taken to address this issue in Switzerland and Australia. Australia's banking system was distinguished from...

The infringement of human rights by subsidiaries of multinational enterprises has become a thoroughly discussed topic. It is obvious that potential corporate liability under any regime gives incentives to group companies for structuring themselves in a way that, if ever agents who do not respect...

Unter dem Eindruck der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise hat die EU das Instrumentarium zur Regulierung des Finanzmarktes weiterentwickelt und verschärft. Dieser Prozess hat auch Auswirkungen auf die Akteure am Europäischen Kohlenstoffmarkt und ihre Handelsstrategien. Dieser Abschlussbericht...