international problem. This second edition uses new data to reassess currency demand and the model approach to estimate the size of … 2000s the average size of a shadow economy varied from 19% of GDP for OECD, to 30% for transition, and to 45% for … international problem. This second edition uses new data to reassess currency demand and the model approach to estimate the size of …

globe. A robust finding in these studies is the positive association between unemployment rates and the size of the … unofficial sector. However, with consistent estimates of the size of the unofficial sector only available from the late 1980s, a … long-run equilibrium relationship between unemployment and the size of the shadow economy. Our empirical model lends strong …