In evolutionary models of indirect reciprocity, reputation mechanisms can stabilize cooperation even in severe … cooperation problems like the prisoner's dilemma. Under certain circumstances, conditionally cooperative strategies, which … lead to a breakdown of this kind of indirectly reciprocal cooperation. Backward induction, however, requires strategies …

have focused on informal arrangements and cooperation between firms, including informal relations, trust links, family … the costs of information and planning, and furthermore protect themselves from the hazards of opportunism. In doing so …