New estimates of the cost of living and of the wages in Palencia are presented in order to evaluate the effects of the agrarian capitalism in Castillian working class’ real income from 1751 to 1861. I obtained both prices (incluiding rents) and wages (earned by bricklayers and agricultural...

New estimates of cost of living and real wages from 1800 to the Civil War are presented in this article. Both prices and bricklayers’ wages have been obtained from a Palencia’s hospital records. The indexes calculated suggest that the standard of living deteriorated during the central...

Campofrío was at 2000 the biggest UE meat processing company and were included between the most important in the world. Just a few manufacturing or food Spanish companies had a similar presence in the European market. This paper wants to looks into the reasons of a short and successfully...

En este artículo enfatizo el papel desempeñado por los españoles en la creación de las grandes cadenas de supermercados en México. La cercanía a Estados Unidos y la aportación española resultaron decisivas en su engrandecimiento. Esta historia, al tiempo, revela la importancia del papel...