determinants such as: corruption, regulation and bureaucracy, quality of public and government services, detection probability …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … within Russia, survey the literature on the causes, consequences, and cures of corruption in Russia, and discuss entry points … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty …

institutions, such as that of Russia. However, as the role of non-market factors (such as corruption) in firms' prosperity … in investment between really decentralized and other firms declines as corruption grows. Empirical research presented in …