Indonesia is engaging in the UN-backed Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation scheme (REDD+) to reduce its land-use-based greenhouse gas emissions. This paper begins with the assumption that REDD+ and general trends towards privatization of nature and conservation are...

Investments in climate change mitigation will have to rise massively in the coming years in order to keep the global temperature increase below 1.5°C. Rising levels of investment in mitigation can reduce the impacts of climate change. Yet, they also increase the risk that these investments...

It was at the climate change conference in Bali in 2007 (COP 13) that developing countries first agreed to initiate “nationally appropriate mitigation actions” (NAMA) in accordance with their respective capacities. At COP 15, in Copenhagen, developing countries submitted emissionreduction...

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a mitigation instrument that creates a financial value for the carbon stored in standing forests. The purpose of REDD+ is to provide incentives for developing countries to mitigate forest-related emissions and to foster...

The impacts of global warming threaten to undermine the core objectives of sustainable development: Large-scale invest¬ments that aim to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) are indispensable. A just low-carbon transformation requires that mitigation investments seek to generate sustainable...

During El Niño in 2015, devastating forest fires in Indonesia directed international attention towards land use changes and deforestation on the archipelago. At least partially a result of clearing land for plantation estates, those fires spurred debate about the sustainability of palm oil,...

Auf der Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der Klimarahmenkonvention auf Bali im Jahr 2007 (COP 13) vereinbarten Entwicklungsländer zum ersten Mal nationale Minderungsmaßnahmen (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, NAMAs). Auf der COP 15 in Kopenhagen legten Schwellenländer erstmals...

Während der durch das El-Niño-Phänomens ausgelösten Dürre im Jahr 2015 haben verheerende Waldbrände Indonesien weltweit in die Schlagzeilen gebracht. Die Waldbrände, die zumindest teilweise auf die Brandrodung von Regenwäldern für Plantagen zurückzuführen sind, haben die Debatte über...

Protecting the ocean has become a major goal of international policy as human activities increasingly endanger the integrity of the ocean ecosystem, often summarized as “ocean health.” By and large, efforts to protect the ocean have failed because, among other things, (1) the underlying...