In spectrum policy, reallocation decisions are based on assessments of interference and economic feasibility between incumbents and new entrants. In many cases, new entrants claim that coexistence is possible with cooperation by incumbents through device modification or radio replacement....

According to European directives the German state deregulated several sectors which had been protected monopolies for a long time. A regulatory authority was established for the telecommunication sector with the competence to decide about the access conditions to the bottleneck "local loop". If...