On college campuses across the country and on millions of home computers, too, young adults download from each other digital files containing recorded music and films for their entertainment. The owners of that copyrighted material pursue the downloaders with legal action as well as the software...

Many attempts to measure the wage effects of current labor market discrimination against minorities include controls for worker productivity that (1) could themselves be affected by market discrimination and (2) are very imprecise measures of worker skill. The resulting estimates of residual...

The traditional argument for in-kind transfers rests on their ability to induce greater consumption of externality-causing commodities. This paper shows that this effect will be diminished the greater the possibilities for substitution in household production. The argument rests on the...

This paper estimates racial wage discrimination by industry with a large sample of data on individual worker characteristics, industry of employment, and wages. Governments, regulated industries, and nonprofit organizations as a group discriminate less in wages than other employers, though much...

William R. Johnson is Professor of Economics, University of Virginia. This paper was delivered as his presidential address on November 19, 2005 in Washington, DC at the annual meeting of the Southern Economic Association.