This paper tests the notion that private firms are more tax aggressive than public firms. Tax avoidance measures, e.g. effective tax rates, cannot be used to compare private and public firms when private and public firms have different levels of importance on financial accounting earnings...

This study investigates to what extent U.S. multinational corporations’ (MNCs) executives affect the tax planning of their foreign subsidiaries. Our results show that parent executives (CEOs and CFOs) do not affect foreign subsidiaries’ tax planning (profit shifting and effective tax rates)....

Under a worldwide tax system, firms pay taxes on their domestic income and repatriated foreign income, whereas under a territorial tax system repatriated foreign income is exempt from taxation. We examine whether worldwide tax systems reduce the incentives of multinational corporations to engage...