In this paper, we undertake a meta-analysis to investigate whether country-level macroeconomic factors can help explain the inconclusiveness of existing evidence on the firm-level productivity–exporting relationship – the so-called learning-by-exporting hypothesis. Using 34 studies that...

This study examines how board leadership structure (CEO duality) affects the corporate governance of corporatized state-owned firms where the state shareholders use these firms to serve both profit and non-profit objectives. We propose that CEO duality will generate a positive (negative)...

For most of the post-war period developing countries have been told that relying on licensing for technology transfer is likely to yield disappointing results. However, this view of licensing has come a full circle as technology services trade has boomed since the 1990s. We outline the main...