extreme urgency" within the meaning of Article 31(b) of the TRIPS Agreement. Some legislations, such as European competition …

the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique … compulsory licensing, the most notable exception to patent rights provided under the TRIPS Agreement. This empirical study is …-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), however, included a number of public health flexibilities in order …

strengthening the use of preventive and remedial TRIPS flexibilities and removing criminal sanctions for patent infringements …. Cambodia should reject any TRIPS-plus provisions in its patent legislation and avoid membership in bilateral or plurilateral … trade agreements that include TRIPS-plus provisions as well as signing patent treaties and memorandums of understanding that …

Patent rights on pharmaceutical products are one of the factors responsible for the lack of access to affordable … patent rights and human rights law, contending that, in order to preserve their patent policy space and secure access to …, implementation, interpretation, and enforcement of their national patent laws. Through a comprehensive analysis of court decisions …

This study examines the variations within Asia of two exceptions to patent rights that are commonly justified under … Article 30 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the TRIPS … exceptions are important in the context of the 2001 Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health insofar as they are …

support national patent offices and interested parties in developing countries with information that can serve as guidance for … the examination of the claims contained in relevant patents or patent applications. The medicines considered for the … patent analysis in this report are remdesivir, ruxolitinib, favipiravir, molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir, and the …

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement into theMarrakesh Agreement leading to the … establishment of the World Trade Organization(WTO) in 1995. Although the TRIPS Agreement covers several areas of IPRs, Patents …