This article examines the leeway the TRIPS Agreement grants to WTO Members to define their own standard of … abstractly analyzing the boundaries set by Article 27 TRIPS, it takes up specific questions related to patentability raised … before national judges where the TRIPS consistency of a domestic practice or interpretation has been an issue. In this …

witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time … pharmaceutical firms, between patent portfolio and profit margins. …

background, it examines the viability under the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the TRIPS … Agreement) of an exception allowing for the manufacture and export of patent-protected products. It concludes that such an … consistent with Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement if read in accordance with the principles of interpretation of customary …

Debates continue to rage about the propriety of pharmaceutical patents, especially as required by the TRIPS Agreement … whether TRIPS is indeed a just law. One can also realize the steps that the major players – both nations and pharmaceutical …

-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), Articles 44 and 50. But the TRIPS Agreement does not require the issuance of … patent infringement, particularly if “reasonable compensation” is offered in the form of an “ongoing royalty” or an “interim … pharmaceutical regulatory approvals to the patent system and imposing stays of such approvals normally avoid the need for such …

This paper evaluates the effects of patent protection on pharmaceutical innovations for twenty-six countries that … established pharmaceutical patent laws during 1978-2002. Controlling for country characteristics through matched sampling …-effects regressions, this study yields robust results. National patent protection alone does not stimulate domestic innovation, as …