Measures of corporate credit risk incorporate compensation for unpredictable future changes in the credit environment and compensation for expected default losses. Since the launch of purchases of government securities and corporate securities by the European Central Bank, it has been discussed...

An important research question examined in the credit risk literature focuses on the proportion of corporate yield spreads attributed to default risk. This topic is reexamined in the light of the different issues associated with the computation of transition and default probabilities obtained...

We examine how equity-market frictions that restrict pessimistic trading, such as short-sale constraints, affect assessments of default risk. We find that these frictions decrease the usefulness of equity-market variables for identifying defaulting firms but increase their usefulness for...