In the United States prior to 1863 each bank issued its own distinct notes. E-money shares many of the characteristics … of these bank notes. This paper describes some lessons relevant to e-money from the U.S. experience with state bank notes …. It examines historical evidence on how well the bank notes - a privately-issued currency system with multiple issuers …

-issued bank notes (national bank notes) and central bank-issued bank notes (Federal Reserve notes) were simultaneously in … Federal Reserve notes were not issued to be a superior currency to national bank notes. Rather, they were issued to enable the … eventually eliminate national bank notes was that they were potentially a source of bank reserves. As such, they could have …

This paper studies the period in Canada when both private bank notes and governmentissued notes (Dominion notes) were … evidence on how desirable bank notes were as media of exchange by examining how well they functioned with respect to ease of … government-issued notes improved how bank notes functioned as media of exchange. It finds that they did not. Improvements in the …

We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries. The seven diary surveys … United States). Our paper finds cross-country differences - for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries …. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash …

examine what is new about cryptoassets and their technology and how they may affect core central bank functions. We do this by … cryptoassets? Second, how do cryptocurrencies affect a central bank's role in the economy? Third, given the two challenges of a … rise of cryptoassets and a decline in the use of cash, should digital payments be left entirely to the private sector or …

This paper examines the experience of Sweden with government notes and private bank notes to determine how well the … government notes in circulation for more than 350 years, and it had government notes before private bank notes. Several … differences between the experience of Sweden and that of Canada and the U.S. emerge. (i) Swedish bank notes were safe; in some …

innovations on cash usage. We estimate a semiparametric panel data model that accounts for unobserved heterogeneity and allows for … general forms of non-random attrition. We use annual data from the CFM on the methods of payment and cash usage for the period … 2010 - 12. Estimates based on crosssectional methods find a large impact of retail payment on cash usage (around 10 percent …

Canadian banknotes (Engert et al., 2019). Estimating foreign cash demand is difficult due to data availability issues and … traveler demand's distinct regional patterns and data from the Bank of Canada's Bank Note Distribution System. I find that each …

. While the demise of cash is not imminent, it is important for the central bank to continue to evaluate its potential roles … demand for bank notes, and the central bank's balance sheet and its seigniorage revenue, which as a result might affect the … central bank's ability to implement and conduct monetary policy and to promote financial stability. Other public policy issues …

-day shopping diary. We highlight long-term trends in cash holdings, management and use observed across results from previous …. We assess various factors associated with long-term trends in cash use. …