formula – is not directly observable. Using a large data set for Sydney-Australia, we show how these problems can be resolved …Departures of the housing market from equilibrium can be detected by comparing the actual price-rent ratio with the … price-rent ratio needs to be quality adjusted. Second, the expected capital gain – an important input into the user cost …

-resident offenders. Employing data for German municipalities, the model is estimated by means of a spatial GMM approach. Focusing on … resident offenders legal earnings opportunities and the expected gain from offenses are found to be important determinants of … property and violent crime. Whereas local inequality only shows an effect on crime committed by resident offenders, crime …