The Pakistani banking sectors facing numerous challenges because of poor internal audit quality. Internal audit quality has long been a source of contention. The current study examines the factors that affect internal audit quality in Pakistani commercial banks. Internal audit quality evaluated...

In the 2002 election, candidates for Pakistan’s federal legislature had to possess at least a bachelor’s degree. This policy disqualified 60 out of the 207 incumbent legislators from running for election again. Using a difference-in-differences approach with panel data on all electoral...

Since the 1980s, Pakistan’s official curriculum, and especially its history textbooks, have been criticized for being biased, portraying a one-sided historical narrative, and inculcating negative views toward other religions and countries. Attempts at curriculum reform have failed. This paper...