It has been shown in the empirical literature that operational losses of financial firms can cause severe reputational losses, which, however, are typically not taken into account when modeling and assessing operational risk. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by assessing the...

The book presents arguments that are critical of the Basel II Accord, particularly the advanced measurement approach to operational risk. It is argued that the advanced measurement approach is not viable in terms of costs and benefits and is likely to distract financial institutions from the...

In financial services organizations, the degree of automation is usually high, while the human intervention low. Banks depend on information technology and information management, complex infrastructure and applications, thus controls are required to support the business processes. Furthermore,...