degree of corruption. …

lead to equilibria, where politicians receive corruption bribes. Furthermore, the model implies a non …-monotonic relationship between financial openness and corruption and a positive relationship between financial openness and government size …

This paper presents a new methodology to detect corruption in customs and applies it to Madagascar’s main port … the approach, but also triggered a novel manifestation of manipulation that rejuvenated systemic corruption. Tax revenue … losses associated with the corruption scheme are approximately 3 percent of total taxes collected and highly concentrated …

, increased political corruption, and weaker rule of law. We also find that the deleterious effects of political clientelism are …

This study aims to reveal the connection between corruption and shadow economy, on one hand, and deforestation, on the … it reveals that corruption and shadow economy positively influence deforestation. Determinants like democratic governance …