In this article, a discrete non-linear mathematical programming model with a variational inequality constraint is proposed to determine road tolls and time-varying congestion tolls for a freeway electronic toll collection system under a build-operate-transfer arrangement. An interdependent...

This paper investigates inventory control policies in a manufacturing/remanufacturing system during the product life cycle, which consists of four phases: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Both demand rate and return rate of products are random variables with normal distribution; the...

Due to the social and environmental impacts of industrial activities in supply chains, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become critical for many international companies. This paper aims to integrate CSR into supply chain coordination. A new revenue sharing contract embedding corporate...

In this article, the real-time time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows is formulated as a series of mixed integer programming models that account for real-time and time-dependent travel times, as well as for real-time demands in a unified framework. In addition to vehicles...