The following paper analyzes the results of empirical controlling research in German-speaking countries from 1990 to 2007 with focus on how far the characteristics of the planning system have an impact on business success. We identify fifteen empirical studies on this subject from which we...

A robust body of literature spanning several countries indicates a positive association between maternal employment and child body mass index (BMI). Fewer studies have examined the role of paternal employment. More importantly, little empirical work examines the mechanisms that might explain the...

Several previous research studies have reported mixed results concerning the direct relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. Actually, the presence of innovation as a mediating variable within this relationship has not yet been fully established. Hence, this article's...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are biochemical-catalyzed systems in which electricity is produced by oxidizing biodegradable organic matters in presence of either bacteria or enzyme. This system can serve as a device for generating clean energy and, also wastewater treatment unit. In this paper,...

Large differences in mortality rates across those with different levels of education are a well- established fact. This association between mortality and education may partly be explained by confounding factors, including cognitive ability. Cognitive ability may also be affected by education so...

This is an introductory article which explains the importance of explicit consideration and modeling of causality, contrary to current econometric practice, in order to use data set for extraction of meaningful information. One of the easiest to understand approaches to causality is via...