The European Union’s (EU’s) intention of becoming a permanent observer in the Arctic Council and the reluctance of Arctic actors to grant it that status have made the union’s aspirations in the Arctic the subject of a continuing debate. The discussion appears to be dominated by...

This report considers how to strengthen particularly the participation of indigenous peoples and women by mapping Finland’s promotion of human rights values at two levels: internationally, in the development of international standards; as well as locally, where it focuses on guidelines and...

"This book examines the impact and implications of Japan's withdrawal from the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), which came into effect in July 2019. In 1982 the International Whaling Commission (IWC) adopted a moratorium on commercial whaling which has been in...

Intro -- The Seal Hunt: Cultures, Economies and Legal Regimes -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Where are we on Seals? -- 2 Seals and Humans: A Troubled Relationship? -- 3 A Brief Introduction to Seals -- 4 The Characters of Law --...

Non-state actors have been recognized with special statuses in environmental regimes for the protection of the polar regimes. On the southernmost continent, the private sector was successful for a long time to avoid regulation of tourism through the Antarctic Treaty System through...

Even though self-determination of peoples has an esteemed place in international law, it seems fairly clear that peoples divided by international borders have difficulty in exercising their right to self-determination. It is thus interesting to examine whether general international law places...