Becker's theory of crime, penalties must be at least as high as expected benefits to deter crimes. For example, we start by … multiplying cartel infringement by the reciprocal of the probability of detection and punishment. When we factor in expected … personal benefits. In theory, deterrence to participate in cartel activities must be based both on the incentives of firms as a …

.S. antitrust cartel prosecutions during the period 1969-2013. This period has seen substantive policy innovations with increasing …While price-fixing cartel prosecutions have received significant attention, the policy determinants and the political … preferences that guide such antitrust prosecutions remain understudied. We empirically examine the intertemporal shifts in U …

To encourage private actions for damages in antitrust cases some jurisdictions subtract a fraction of the redress from …

effort is made to create charts that illustrate trends in cartel dimensions and antitrust decisions …The following charts illustrate the global size and economic impacts of the modern international cartel movement and … the enforcement responses of the world’s antitrust authorities and national courts. The sample encompasses 640 private …