Cointegration has frequently been used in the financial econometrics literature to assess the degree of interdependence of financial markets. We show that if individual stock prices are generated by random walks with possibly contemporaneously correlated innovations, the resulting indices cannot...

This paper uses R/S analysis and fractional integration techniques to examine the persistence of two sets of 12 ESG and conventional stock price indices from the MSCI database over the period 2007-2020 for a large number of both developed and emerging markets. Both sets of results imply that...

Our goal in this paper is to examine the time-varying optimal hedging ratios for the Dow Jones Islamic and conventional emerging stock market indices, hedged with oil, gold, and the VSTOXX as well as four emerging-country sectoral CDS indices (raw materials, industry, health care, and...