This paper examines the impacts of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on the environmental and economic performance of Norwegian plants. The ETS is regarded as the cornerstone climate policy in the EU and Norway, but there has been considerable debate regarding its effects due to low quota...

In the presence of environmental policy, how do regulated firms respond? The answer is crucial for the design and effectiveness of policy regimes intended to mitigate environmental damage. We investigate whether particular types of firms are more likely to be proactive; in other words, which...

Empirical research on the characteristics of environmentally responsive companies has focussed almost exclusively on US and Japanese firms. For Europe, which is commonly considered as the greenest of the three major developed economic markets, similar research is lacking. This paper seeks to...

Firms face considerable uncertainty in their regulatory environment, including uncertainty regarding whether and how newly passed policies will be implemented, especially in federated government structures. Although firms can wait until the uncertainty is resolved, they will also lose a...

To counteract the negative effects of environmental degradation and climate change, in the European Union, a set of measures and policies has been developed under the name of the Green Deal, which aims to develop a competitive and resource-efficient economy. For these measures to be sustainable,...

The increase of the concentration of greenhouse gases and global warming are the main problems that the European Commission is trying to solve by proposing the Green Deal, but the well-being of agri-food businesses is influenced, next to the ecologic factors, by the social and economic factors...