This paper examines time series patterns of external financing decisions and shows that publicly traded U.S. firms fund a much larger proportion of their financing deficit with external equity when the cost of equity capital is low. The historical values of the cost of equity capital have...

Seasoned equity issuers file Forms S and 424B with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We find that weak-modal tones of these filings are positively related to offer price discounts and negatively related to offer-day stock returns. Increases in cautionary tones from the initial S filing to...

More frequent, larger, and more recent debt and equity issues in the prior three fiscal years are followed by lower stock returns in the subsequent year. The intercept of a q-factor calendar-time regression for the value-weighted portfolio of firms with at least three large issues is -0.63% per...

Using a sample of syndicated loans to private equity (PE)-backed IPO companies, we examine how a third-party bank relationship influences the syndicate structure of a loan. We find that a stronger relationship between the lead bank and the borrower's PE firm enables the lead bank to retain a...

Given their actual revenue and spending, most net equity issuers and an overwhelming majority of net debt issuers would face immediate cash depletion without external financing. Debt issuers tend to have short-lived cash needs while equity issuers often have persistent cash needs. On average,...

Auditing the natural resource asset accountability of local officials is an institutional innovation in the political context of “the Party controls officials” in China. This study investigated the effect of changes in the promotion assessment of local officials (i.e., including...

This paper examines the structure and cost of a large sample of bank loans to private firms. Compared to public firms, private firms are more informationally opaque and riskier. The results suggest that the design of a loan to a private firm is significantly different from that to a public firm....

Similarities exist between the rumor spreading and the infectious disease transmission. Some researches on the disease spreading involve two or more diseases which are cross-infection propagation. Similarly, two or several kinds of rumors may spread at the same time. In this paper, we study a...

We develop a model for optimal location of retail stores on a network. The objective is to maximize the total profit of the network subject to a minimum ROI (or ROI threshold) required at each store. Our model determines the location and number of stores, allocation of demands to the stores, and...

We examine investment banks' networking function in capital markets, using a sample of Private Investments in Public Equity (PIPEs). We argue that investment banks develop relationships with investors through repeat dealings, and that investment banks' networks of relationship investors form the...