This paper detects pro-girl (age 5-15) bias in intrahousehold allocation of consumption budget in the rural Philippines … robust. The paper also finds that a larger share of girls among household members is positively associated with a larger … detecting gender bias, although alcohol and tobacco may not be suitable for detecting gender bias …

In the Philippines, no assessment has been done yet on the impacts of changes in household income and the free public … analyses, this study found that RA 6655 has exerted positive impacts on schooling outcomes by relaxing household resource …