We examine how the gender of a sibling affects earnings, education and family formation. Identification is complicated … by parental preferences: if parents prefer certain sex compositions over others, children's gender affects not only the … outcomes of other children but also the very existence of potential additional children. We address this problem by looking at …

The nineteenth-century American family experienced tremendous demographic, economic, and institutional changes. By … using birth order effects as a proxy for family environment, and linked census data on men born between 1835 and 1910, we … study how the family's role in human capital production evolved over this period. We find firstborn premiums for …

The nineteenth-century American family experienced tremendous demographic, economic, and institutional changes. By … using birth order effects as a proxy for family environment, and linked census data on men born between 1835 and 1910, we … study how the family's role in human capital production evolved over this period. We find firstborn premiums for …

We document the educational integration of immigrant children with a focus on the link between family size and … groups. First, for immigrant adolescents, we show family-size adjusted convergence to almost native levels of higher … education track attendance from the first to the second generation of immigrants. Second, we find that reduced fertility is …

instrumental variables estimation instrumenting family size with twin births. Estimation using a unrestricted specification for the … incentives for fertility should account for spillover effects on existing children. … sign of the marginal effects of additional siblings on children’s outcomes, our empirical model allows for an unrestricted …