shocks have a positive effect on wages. Exports increase wages for all occupational categories while offshoring has … elasticity of wages with respect to exports and offshoring is higher than in firms with no collective bargaining. Wage gains … associated with collective bargaining are similar across worker categories. Keywords: exports, offshoring, firm-level wages …

. Exports increase wages for all occupational categories, whereas offshoring has heterogeneous effects. In firms where wage … firm level. Using instrumental variables techniques, we find that exports shocks have a positive effect on the probability … impact of offshoring on wages …

shocks have a positive effect on wages. Exports increase wages for all occupational categories while offshoring has … elasticity of wages with respect to exports and offshoring is higher than in firms with no collective bargaining. Wage gains …-level trade flows with firm-specific instrumental variables based on world demand and supply shocks. Both export and offshoring …