This study of initial public offerings (IPOs) carried out on the Berlin and London stock exchanges between 1900 and 1913 casts doubt on the received �law and finance� wisdom that legally mandated investor protection is pivotal to the development of capital markets. IPOs that resulted...

Many owners of growing privately held firms make operational and financial decisions in an effort to maximize the expected present value of the proceeds from an initial public offering (IPO). We ask: ÜWhat is the right time to make an IPO?Ý and ÜHow should operational and financial decisions...

Contrary to findings reported in the extant IPO literature between 2001 and 2006, average first-day returns in Israel's stock market resulted in a deficit return of -1.2% and the average one-year return resulted in an excess return of 10.5%. Estimating the relationship between yields and various...

Initial Public Offering (IPO) can be an expensive investment for the company, but under current conditions compared to bank loans it is the main source of replenishment of equity. The main purpose of an IPO is to obtain the so-called 'constituent profits' - profits derived by the founders of the...

The application of simultaneous equation regressions on a sample of 110 FrenchIPO firms between 2005-2010, allowed us to say that the initial return issignificantly influenced by the under / overpricing. The results of our studyshow that the underpricing can improve the initial return. On the...

This paper analyzes a comprehensive data set of 160 non venture-backed, 79 venture-backed and 61 bridge financed companies going public at Germany's Neuer Markt between March 1997 and March 2002. I examine whether these three types of issues differ with regard to issuer characteristics, balance...

Nach dem Vorbild börsennotierter britischer Vereine wird es auch deutschen Profifußballvereinen in absehbarer Zukunft möglich sein, sich in Aktiengesellschaften umzuwandeln. Der anschließende Börsengang soll dann den nach den jüngsten Entwicklungen im Profifußballbereich gestiegenen...

This paper studies how institutional characteristics of Specified Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) are related to their post-merger survival. SPACs are unique financial firms that conduct the IPO with the solely purpose to use the proceeds to acquire another private company. Paper finds...

This paper presents evidence on the failed initial public offerings that used best efforts contracts. Out of 732 best efforts IPOs attempted in 1980-84, 186 IPOs (about one fourth) failed to meet minimum sales requirement and were subsequently withdrawn. Offerings with greater uncertainty about...