Both the legal and accounting conceptual differences in national legislations regulating mergers may be quite significant in spite of the unification processes taking place via the transposition of EU directives into national law. Most often, we find differences in the following issues: If there...

Measurement in financial accounting has been the most discussed issue in recent decades. The last very important result of the convergence process between IFRS and U.S. GAAP was adopting IFRS 13 – Fair Value Measurement in May 2011. The objective of IFRS 13 is to unify the approaches to...

Measurement represents one of the most important methodological elements of accounting because it affects the overall informative ability of financial statements. The chosen method of valuation affects not only the amount of assets and liabilities, but the size of costs and revenues of the...

The principles characterizing the traditional revenue-expense approach to accounting have never been "invented". They are an institution that is the result of social evolution, not of human design. Therefore, the efforts to defend them against the balance sheet approach endorsed by...

Since 2010 a number of firms have voluntarily adopted mark-to-market (MTM) accounting for the actuarial gains and losses associated with their defined benefit pension plans. While pension accounting rules have allowed such a choice since 1986, only recently have firms begun to exercise that...

Whether fair value accounting should be used in financial reporting has been the subject of debate for many years. A key dimension to this debate is whether fair value earnings can provide information to financial statement users that is helpful in making their economic decisions. A criticism of...

From January 1, 2005, the accounting standards applicable to publicly traded European banking institutions will be the standards issued by the IASB. The purpose of this paper is twofold. From a sample of nineteen European banking institutions, we first study the characteristics of this fair...