investigates empirically the consequences of lobbying competition between upstream and downstream producers for trade policy. The … with lobbying competition. Importantly, accounting for lobbying competition also alters substantially estimates of the …Competition between opposing lobbies is an important factor in the endogenous determination of trade policy. This paper …

lobbying contest in order to be bailed out. The firm has an advantage because its probability of winning the contest is …

competition over endogenously determined policies induces strategic restraint that reduces polarization and, in turn, wasteful … lobbying activities. …

The compromise enhancing effect of lobbying on public policy has been established in two typical settings. In the first …, lobbies are assumed to act as 'principals' and the setters of the policy (the candidates in a Downsian electoral competition … or the elected policy maker in a citizen-candidate model of electoral competition) are conceived as 'agents'. In the …

clarify how stake asymmetry, lobbying-skill asymmetry and return to lobbying effort determine the relative desirability, from …