without a corresponding increase in research and development investment as a share of national income. The model predicts that … intellectual property rights determine global patterns of research and development effort, and intellectual property rights tend to … raise the effect of education on the incidence of research and development. …

without a corresponding increase in research and development investment as a share of national income. The model predicts that … intellectual property rights determine global patterns of research and development effort, and intellectual property rights tend to … raise the effect of education on the incidence of research and development …

research arising from the genome case, the paper shows that in some fundamental research areas, where knowledge externalities … some features of an optimal research policy. …

fundamentally altering the way R&D is done. This is leading to a new research and innovation paradigm, which we will simply refer to …