The origins of money and banking are explained in nearly every introduction money and banking course, but Wray proposes an alternative approach that emerges from a comparative analysis of economic institutions. Orthodox theory suggests that barter replaced self-sufficiency and increased...

Learning the pre limited liability value process of equity claims and its relationship to the stock price is an answer to the financial jeorpardy question when observed option prices are the answer being given by the market. Constant dollar equity holder values, prior to the imposition of...

The financial crisis was a systemic run. Hence, the central regulatory response should be to eliminate run-prone securities from the financial system. By contrast, current regulation guarantees run-prone bank liabilities and instead tries to regulate bank assets and their values. I survey how a...

I compare the financial performance, growth, asset mix, risk, operational efficiency, profitability and capital holdings of the 20 largest commercial banks in the U.S. and Europe from 2001-2013. U.S. banks earned significantly larger stock returns than their European counterparts in the...

This paper investigates whether and how restatements in banks affect financial system stability. I find that banks contribute more to systemic risk up to four quarters after a restatement, and that the restatement effect on systemic risk is larger for banks that (i) are very interconnected to...

Financial system soundness in world economies remains germane, but in the same vein, the COVID-19 outbreak had made governments scampering for any and every solution as experience has shown the need to incentivize businesses to enable economy-wide recovery. In this perspective, consideration of...