This paper studies the role of extensive and intensive margins of labor adjustment overbusiness cycle in Japan. We find that the intensive margin accounts for much of total hours worked variation, and its contribution to the fluctuation of total hours worked is about 77%. This result is in sharp...

The primary purpose of this study is to explore how to apply a return on investment (ROI) technique for evaluate training programs of public sectors according to the training evaluation paradigm proposed by Phillips. In line with his paradigm, we also examined the effect of training programs on...