Energy demand functions based on Koyck lag transformation result in an MA error process that is generally ignored in estimated panel data models. This note explores the implications of this assumption by estimating panel energy demand functions with asymmetric price responses and an MA process...

We attempt to consolidate (at least in part) the vast literature on oil shocks and stock returns by decomposing the influence of oil shocks into two channels of effect: ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’. Using a simple empirical asset pricing model it is shown that oil shocks can affect stocks not...