Indirect reciprocity is one of the major mechanisms driving the evolution of cooperation in human societies. There are two types of indirect reciprocity: upstream and downstream reciprocity. Cooperation in downstream reciprocity follows the pattern ‘You helped someone, and I will help you’,...

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a theoretical and empirical analysis of the nexus between long-term care insurance (LTCI), formal care, informal (family) care, and bequests. In our empirical analysis, we use micro data from the Japan Household Panel Survey on Consumer Preferences and...

Purpose – This paper aims to compare Pareto optimality for altruistic and individualistic societies to show whether it is possible to have Pareto improvement through altruistic acts even after free market equilibrium. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows conceptual, axiomatic and...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate into the factors that influence charitable giving in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The study employs Malaysia’s . Results are obtained by undertaking a regression analysis. In the econometric model, charitable giving is proxied by...