Performance-based low carbon fuel standards (LCFS) of the type implemented in California and being adopted in the European Union, are a promising policy approach for decarbonizing transport fuels and reducing fossil fuel use. This paper examines the efficacy of LCFS policies, along with four...

1. Introduction -- 2. Inventory -- 3. Diagnosis -- 4. Definition of policies, objectives, and criteria -- 5. Institutional and financial analysis -- 6. Supply analysis -- 7. Demand analysis -- 8. Operational and capital improvements -- 9. Forecast of interzonal movements on the road network --...

The abundance and low cost of petroleum over the past 150 years has enabled rapid economic growth and extraordinary mobility advancements. But dependence on petroleum fuels also has large downsides, including dependence on insecure supplies, volatile prices causing high economic costs, polluted...