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The United States Federal Trade Commission [FTC] adopted standardized testing methods for the measurement of tar and nicotine yields of cigarette smoke in the 1960s and for carbon monoxide in 1981, mandating the disclosure of these ratings in cigarette advertising (1). Under the International...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010537889
products that claimed lower emissions (1); but in fact, these cigarettes did not deliver reduced uptake of toxicants or lower …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010537912
Over the past two decades a wealth of research findings have pointed to nicotine as the key pharmacological factor underlying tobacco use. The 1988 report of the US Surgeon General identified cigarette smoking as nicotine addiction (1); the Royal College of Physicians similarly concluded that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011131344
.6 percent emissions reduction per plant. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010292700
emerged on the policy agenda. We calculate a new index of air quality using CO2 and SO2 emissions per capita as indicators and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010294395
myopic or not able to commit themselves to sustainable policies or costs of reducing emissions are too high, strategic … future treaty. Although no player will rationally reduce emissions on its own, investments in R&D by at least one player can … change the strategic situation of negotiations to control emissions: Emission abatement costs will decrease so that a treaty …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010307168
In this article, the authors use analytics to explore the association between economic growth and climate change at a country-level. They examine different indicators to better understand the macro issues and guide policy decision-making. The authors analyze global economic growth and climate...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012044931
electric vehicles, highlighting their advantages in terms of greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Even though electric and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011372243
consumption and welfare. On the other hand is important to verify the impact upon emissions derived from household consumption …. The literature presents two approaches to analyze emissions. They are: account CO2 emissions based on the production … principle and on the consumer principle. According to the consumer principle, the consumer is responsible for CO2 emissions from …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011400190
city the trends of several energy and emissions indicators that appear as explanatory variables in both energy and labour … quantify how affect changes in carbon dioxide emissions, energy production and consumption on the some countries life … and CO2 emissions by Km2 are highest around the oil producer countries like Qatar, Emirates and Kuwait, and among the High …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011400219