Traditionally many studies of knowledge in economics have focused on localized networks and intra-regional collaborations. However, the rising frequency by which firms collaborate within the context of global networks of production and innovation, the increasingly intricate divisions of labor...

India, a leading exporter of information-technology services, faces a fundamental puzzle. Its electronics industry is struggling despite a huge and growing domestic market and pockets of world-class capabilities.Drawing on survey questionnaires and interviews with key private and public industry...

This paper offers a framework for exploring emerging pathways to innovation in Asian electronics industries, as well as their drivers and policy implications. The focus is on ‘stylised facts' rather than on the diversity of specific country trajectories. I demonstrate that the role of Asia's...

This paper conceptualizes transnational corporate economy as an additional sub-structure of the world economic system. This is useful in understanding the phenomenon of globalization by way of differentiating the present trend of globalization from its earlier (pre-World-War I) counterpart. The...

China is now the largest exporter of IT goods. But, as globalisation transforms markets for technology and knowledge workers, China's policy makers and corporate strategists are seeking for ways to move beyond the 'global factory' model. This paper explores what is necessary and feasible. I...

This paper examines the implications for Industrial Upgrading (IU) policies resulting from the internationalisation of innovation and the emergence of Global Innovation Networks (GINs). The paper draws on the lessons learned from the innovation offshoring in Asia's electronics industry. The...

This essay is a very personal homage to Lall's work on technological change and industrialization, in particular his pioneering study on technological capabilities, prepared for the OECD Development Centre (Lall, 1990). I will not seek to add yet another review of Lall's work. Instead, I will...