This research explores the relationship among entrepreneurial motivation, related experience, environment hostility and financial success, among small retail business owner managers in Penang, Malaysia. Entrepreneurial motivation was categorized into 5 dimensions which are self-development,...

This paper compares the performance of three maximum likelihood estimation procedures -quasi-maximum likelihood, Monte Carlo likelihood and the particle filter to estimate stochastic volatility models of short term interest rates. The procedures are compared in an empirical study of interest...

In this study, a three‐factor model of crude oil prices is estimated, which incorporates a time‐varying market price of risk. The model is able to accurately capture the term structure of futures prices with evidence suggesting that risk premiums in the crude oil market are time‐varying....

In the last years the focus of internal audit has shifted away from business toward financial controls. In the future internal audit departments need to align their contributions to the organization's strategic objectives. The purpose of the internal audit which is organised within the entities...

The Internal Auditing & Risk Management is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal started in 2006 by Athenaeum University and The Center of Excellence in Financial Management and Internal Audit and publishes original high-quality papers in the field of management and auditing

The Internal Auditing & Risk Management is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal started in 2006 by Athenaeum University and The Center of Excellence in Financial Management and Internal Audit and publishes original high-quality papers in the field of management and auditing