Since the reform and opening up, electricity consumption in China has grown rapidly. However, the energy and environmental problems partly caused by the power generation structure, which is dominated by coal-fired power generation, have deepened, affecting the orderly and sustainable development...

Pipelines are the essential transportation infrastructure of the energy system, undertaking most transportation tasks of oil and gas on land. In a critical period of the energy transition, it is necessary to comprehensively review the research on pipeline transport capacity management for better...

Most manufacturing systems are large and complex and operate in an uncertain environment. One approach to managing such systems is that of hierarchical decomposition. This paper reviews the research devoted to proving that a hierarchy based on the frequencies of occurrence of different types of...

Network user equilibrium or user optimum is an ideal state that can hardly be achieved in real traffic. More often than not, every day traffic tends to be in disequilibrium rather than equilibrium, thanks to uncertainties in demand and supply of the network. In this paper we propose a hybrid...