of ECB and of the SECB, section 5 assesses the study of euro impact on Portugal and, section 6 evaluates EMU after 10 …We show the Portuguese transition to the euro, in the framework of political economics, by constructing a bivariate … confidence index, based upon Rocha de Sousa (1998, 1999a,b, 2001). Besides we try to understand if the euro functioned as an …

and monetary union (EMU), as well as on some key problems of Stage Three that EMU’s monetary and fiscal structures … single joint currency. A third problem, one that is central for EMU and to any currency union, lies behind the difficulty of … with the provision of lender of last resort facilities in the euro zone and the framework for supervising financial …

The creation of the European Monetary Union (EMU) created the conditions for increased trade and economic growth for … the member countries. The initial hypothesis regarding the impact of euro launch in terms of Foreign Direct Investment … a model explaining the intra-EMU FDI position of various EMU countries on the basis of their location advantages during …

-euro area assets/liabilities, before stage 3 of EMU. A number of key factors determining the currency distribution of … a special emphasis on the first year of the euro. A contribution is made as to how to measure these roles, both for … identification of changes in the role of the euro during 1999 compared to the aggregate of euro predecessor currencies, net of intra …