We present an approach that pursues an adequate representation of product transformation possibilities for a technology generating, in addition to marketed (good) products, some environmentally detrimental non-marketed byproducts (bad outputs). As the shadow price of a non-marketed output...

Limited budget for the purchase of variable inputs might adversely affect producer's input use decisions and might result in a non-optimal input usage. If expenditure constrains are present and binding, unconstrained profit-maximization is not valid for modelling producers' input use decisions....

Since the seminal work of Adam Smith, markets have been considered an efficienttool for co-ordinating the behaviour of economic agents. The basic characteristicof a market economy is that the complex system of interaction amongindividuals is not centrally coordinated. Under the assumption of...

Der Autor analysiert zunächst die Bestimmungsgründe unternehmerischer Forschungsinvestitionen. Verschiedene markt-, unternehmens- und technologiebedingte Determinanten werden aufgezeigt und ihre Effekte auf die privaten Forschungsinvestitionen diskutiert. Aus den Ergebnissen werden...