people from the consequences of poor housing conditions and fuel poverty. In order to limit public expenditures, payment …

Income as the traditional one dimensional measure in well-being and poverty analyses is extended in recent studies by a … multidimensional poverty concept. Though this is certainly a progress, however, two important aspects are missing: time as an important … dimension and the interdependence of the often only separately counted multiple poverty dimensions. Our paper will contribute to …

Using rural household panel data from three Chinese provinces, this paper identifies determinants of long-term poverty … and tests the duration dependence on the probability to leave poverty. Special emphasis is given to the selection of the … poverty line and inter-regional differences across provinces. Results suggest that the majority of population seems to be only …

wage risks and shows the risk of old-age poverty in Germany. After a short introduction, the effects of income and … old-age poverty in Germany is subject of chapter 4. In a micro-simulation the statutory pension claims of cohort 1939 …-1941 and cohort 1955-57 are compared. The risk of old-age poverty increases in East and West Germany. The increase is happening …