The Government of Jamaica imposes a variety of taxes on the earnings of labor. Jamaica’s direct taxes and charges on labor income include the pay-asyou-earn (PAYE) income tax and five payroll taxes. In total, these taxes generate nearly one-third of the total tax revenues of the...

In contexts where health services are mostly publicly provided and access is still limited, health financing systems require some mechanism for distributing financial resources across geographic areas according to population need. Equity in public health expenditure has been evaluated either by...

Several distributed triple-generation (DTG) system options to produce cooling, heating and power have been evaluated and compared in a multi-criteria method, such as technical, economic, environmental and social aspects. Due to the fuzzy or uncertain evaluation criteria, this paper presents an...

This paper studies the border effects and sensitivity of the economic output of manufacturing in Jiangsu, China, caused by meteorological and environmental factors. The meteorological data, environmental data and annual manufacturing data of Jiangsu from 1993 to 2011 are used as input for this...

Traditional analyses of redistributive effects of the tax-benefit system are rooted in the concepts of relative income inequality and proportionality. This observation also applies to decompositions proposed by Kakwani (1977, 1984) and Lambert (1985) that reveal the vertical and horizontal...

This study compares the evolution of income-related health inequality (IRHI) in Australia (2001–2006) and in Great Britain (1999–2004) by exploring patterns of morbidity- and mortality-related health changes across income groups. Using Australian longitudinal data, the change in health...