The purpose of this paper is to investigate wage differentials and wage discrimination among 9,035 male and female …”, stemming from differences in human capital characteristics, while 28.8 per cent were “illegitimate”, due to wage discrimination … discrimination, affirmative action and comparable worth can serve as a partial remedy.  …

There are two grounds in the USA for bringing a claim of race or gender discrimination: discriminatory intent; and … discriminatory effect. As to age discrimination, however, a plaintiff is allowed to bring a claim only on grounds of discriminatory … intent. Argues that, with regard to age discrimination in the university, discriminatory effect and discriminatory intent are …

and expected relative salaries as well as economics department rankings are significant factors for gender doctoral …

and expected relative salaries as well as economics department rankings are significant factors for gender doctoral …