Water, energy, and climate change are intrinsically related to each other but are nonetheless subject to different international legal regimes. The fragmented nature of water, energy, and climate governance represents a challenge for the sustainable management of resources in the energy and...

This study focuses on the modernisation of the electricity infrastructure in Central Asia, in particular energy efficiency improvements and clean energy development. The starting point of the analysis is the recognition by the Central Asian states that the modernisation of electricity supply...

This book analyzes the regulatory framework that Russia has developed to attract private capital and technology in the modernization of the electricity infrastructure. Comparing Russian and EU electricity law, the book identifies regulatory risks and examines investors' protection under Russian...

The General Court judgment annotated here is the first decision to recognize that the principle of energy solidarity, established in Article 194(1) TFEU, is not simply a political notion but a legally enforceable principle that can be used as a ground for judicial review. The case contributes to...

Russia is not only rich in natural gas, oil, coal and uranium. It also holds a considerable renewable energy resource base. The Federal Electricity Law mandates the federal Government to stimulate the development of renewable energy sources. However, so far, the Government has failed to create a...

A broad consensus exists that carbon pricing is key for cost-effective emission reductions and that it must play a major role in driving the transition to a climate-neutral economy. However, despite significant progress in wider climate policy uptake in recent years, the vast majority of...

This report analyses the influence of the design features of China’s pilot emissions trading systems (ETS) in the Province of Hubei and the Municipal City of Shenzhen and the development of the electricity markets on the quality of the carbon price signal. Based on publicly available data and...