The French pattern of early transitions out of employment is basically explained by the low age at "normal" retirement and by the importance of transitions through unemployment insurance and early-retirement schemes before access to normal retirement. These routes have exempted French workers...

[eng] The paper describes the CNAV microsimulation model. Currently under construction, it has two aims : to evaluate the future pension rights of private sector employees to 2030, in terms of both mass and scatter, and to measure the savings or costs generated by new measures. Particular...

We use a typology of urban areas as an instrument to understand the differences and the inequalities into mainland France. It exists large differences between the cities ; they are not facing the same problems. In France, there are 354 urban areas which represent 18.4 millions households and...