Background: Reverse supply chains of machinery and equipment face significant challenges, and overcoming them is critical for effective customer service and sustainable operation. Maintenance and repair services, strongly associated with the reverse movement of equipment, are among the most...

The modern world is experiencing an unprecedented pace of technological change. The introduction of new technological products encourages consumers to trade in old products for new so that they can keep up with the latest in technology. One of the consequences of this rapid change in technology...

A reverse supply chain, as a post-consumption activity, aims at extracting value from products at end of their life cycle (Mafakher and Nasiri, Journal of Cleaner Production 59:185–196, 2013). As well, company’s awareness is attracting increasing attention toward sustainable business...